Mexican Retablo Painting

Retablo artist Luis Roman distinguished himself both by having one of his retablos enter into the collection of the State Historian of Texas, and later for his having exhibited his work and given a demonstration of his art at the Smithsonian Institute’s annual Folklife festival. Retablo art was in danger of dying out after the Mexican Revolution when it was, if not revived, at least given importance by Frida Kahlo, who is reported to have actually made a practice of stealing retablos from churches, where they were often destined to tossed out or sold for scrap by the local priests. Retablos were normally painted by untrained itinerant folk artists, who copied their original Works from the paintings in The cathedrals. These paintings were, in turn, brought over from Italy and Spain. The content was stricty governed by the Inquisition, who set guidelines as to what poses, colors, symbolic objects and the like were to be featured in these icons. Since this art form has effectively died out, Fausto’s began commisioning local artists to begin painting them once again, and our efforts have resulted in the showing of Mr. Roman’s work at the Smithsonian. Retablos are normally painted in oils on tin sheets. Originally they were painted on wood, but copper sheets eventually replaced the wooden plaques that were common in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries. By the beginning of the Eighteenth Century their use was, in turn, displaced by that of tin coated iron sheets . By the beginning of the Nineteenth Century, retablo painting went on the decline, as cheaper paper prints drove them into extinction. Luis Roman and other artists who exhibit in Fausto’s Art Gallery are now reviving that art form, and their work is an important step in bringing to light and in paying homage to the tradition religious folk art of Mexico.

The Virgin of Guadalupe is the most famous saint in Mexico - the patron saint of Mexico, in fact. Known as the “Virgen Morena” - the brown skin virgin- Guadalupe was supposedly first encountered on the Hill of Tepeyac in what is now Mexico City only a few short years after the Spanish Conquest, by an Aztec Indian, Juan Diego, who was told to go and tell the bishop to build a temple on the spot where he first saw her. It happens that this spot is the same location where the temple of Tonantzin (“Our Lady” in the Aztec dialect, Nahuatl) was located. Tonantzin, on the other hand, was the recreation of an earlier Mother Goddess of the Indians who had been in the Valley of Mexico long before the arrival of the Aztecs.

The origin of the name Guadalupe has always been a matter of controversy. It is nevertheless believed that the name came about because of the translation from Nahuatl to Spanish of the words used by the Virgin during the apparition to Juan Bernardino, the ailing uncle of Juan Diego. It is believed that Our Lady used the Aztec Nahuatl word of coatlaxopeuh which is pronounced "quatlasupe" and sounds remarkably like the Spanish word Guadalupe. Coa meaning serpent, tla being the noun ending which can be interpreted as "the", while xopeuh means to crush or stamp out. So Our Lady must have called herself the one "who crushes the serpent."

We must remember that the Aztecs offered annually at least 20,000 men, women and children in human sacrifice to their gods. In 1487, just in a single 4 days long ceremony for the dedication of a new temple in Tenochtitlan, some 80,000 captives were killed in human sacrifice. Certainly, in this case She crushed the serpent, and few years later millions of the natives were converted to Christianity.

"Let not your heart be disturbed. Do not fear that sickness, nor any other sickness or anguish. Am I not here, who is your Mother? Are you not under my protection? Am I not your health? Are you not happily within my fold? What else do you wish? Do not grieve nor be disturbed by anything."

(Words of Our Lady to Juan Diego)

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The frame is made with recycled wood - Mexican fruit crates - or “rejas” as they are called.

From Fausto's Art Gallery in Ojinaga, Chihuahua.
(Shipped from Presidio, Texas)


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From Fausto's Art Gallery in Ojinaga, Chihuahua.

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